论五行生成
三命通会 · section 2 · 萬民英 · 1373 characters
Original text
天高寥廓六气回旋以成四时地厚幽深五行化生以成万物可谓无穷而莫测者也圣人立法以推步者盖不能逃其数观其立数之因亦皆出乎自然故载于经典同而不异推以达其机穷以通其变皆不离于数内一曰水二曰火三曰木四曰金五曰土者咸有所自也水北方子之位也子者阳之初一阳数也故水曰一火南方午之位也午者阴之初二阴数也故火曰二木居东方东阳也三者奇之数亦阳也故木曰三金居西方西阴也四者偶之数亦阴也故金曰四土应西南长夏五者奇之数亦阳也故土曰五由是论之则数以阴阳而配者也若攷其深义则水生于一天地未分万物未成之初莫不先见于水故灵枢经曰太一者水之尊号先天地之母后万物之源以今验之草木子实未就人虫胎卵胎胚皆水也岂不以为一及其水之聚而形质化莫不备阴阳之气在中而后成故物之小而味苦者火之兆也物熟则甘土之味也甘极而反淡淡本也然人禀父母阴阳生成之化故先生二肾左肾属水右肾属火火曰命门则火之因水而后见故火曰次二盖草木子实大小虽异其中皆有两以相合者与人肾同亦阴阳之兆是以万物非阴阳合体则不能化生也既阴阳合体然后而春生而秋成故次三曰木次四曰金盖水有所属火有所藏木有所发金有所别莫不皆因土而后成也故次五曰土木居于东金居于西火居于南水居于北土居于中央而寄位四维应令四季在人四支故金木水火皆待土而后成兼其土数五以成之则水六火七木八金九土常以五之生数不可至十者土不待十以成是生成之数皆五以合之明大衍之数由是以立则万物岂能逃其数哉三阴三阳正化者从本生数对化者从标成数五运之纪则太过者其数成不及者其数生各取其数之生成多少以占政令气化者复着之述作盖明诸用也周子曰五行之序以质之所生而言则水本是阳之湿气以其初动为阴所陷而不得遂故水阴胜火本是阴之燥气以其初动为阳所检而不得达故火阳胜盖生之者微成之者盛生之者形之始成之者形之终也然各以偏胜言也故虽有形而未成质以气升降上不得而制焉木则阳之湿气浸多以感于阴而舒故发而为木其质柔其性暖金则阴之燥气浸多以感于阳而缩故结而为金其质刚其性寒土则阴阳之气各盛相交相抟凝而成质以气之行而言则一阴一阳往来相代木火金水土者各就其中而分老少耳故其序各由少而老土则分旺四季而位居中者也此五者若参差而造化所以为发育之具实并行而不相悖盖质则阴阳交错凝合而成气则阴阳两端循环不已质曰水火木金盖以阴阳相间言犹曰东西南北所谓对待者也气曰木火金水盖以阴阳相因言犹曰东南西北所谓流行者也质虽一定而不易气则变化而无穷所谓易也程子曰动静阴阳之本也五行之运则参差不齐矣张子曰木曰曲直能既曲而反伸也金曰从革一从革而不能自反也水火气也故炎上润下与阴阳升降土不得而制焉木金者土之华实也其性有水火之杂故木之为物水渍则生火然而不杂也盖得土之浮华于水火之交也金之为物得火之精于火之燥得水之精于水之濡故水火相待而不相害铄之反流而不耗盖得土之精实于水火之际也土者物之所以成始而成终也地之质也化之终也水火之所以升降特兼体而不遗者也又曰阳陷于阴为水阴附于阳为火朱子曰五行之序木为之始水为之终而土为之中以河图洛书之数言之则水一木三而土五皆阳之生数而不可易者也故得以更迭为主而为五行之纲以徳言之则木为发生之性水为贞静之体而土又包育之母故水之包五行也以其流通贯彻而无不在也木之包五行以其归根反本而藏于此也若夫土则水火之所寄金木之所资居中而奠四方一体而载万类者也又曰水火清金木浊土又浊邵子曰金火相守则流木火相得则然从其类也水遇寒则结遇火则渴从其所胜也
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