第十五难

难经 · section 6 · 佚名 舊題扁鵲 · 621 characters

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Original text

经言春脉弦,夏脉钩,秋脉毛,冬脉石,是王脉耶? 将病脉也?

然: 弦钩毛石者,四时之脉也。 春脉弦者,肝东方木也,万物始生,未有枝叶,故其脉之来,濡弱而长,故曰弦。 夏脉钩者,心南方火也,万物之所茂,垂枝布叶,皆下曲如钩,故其脉之来疾去迟,故曰钩。 秋脉毛者,肺西方金也,万物之所终,草木华叶,皆秋而落,其枝独在,若毫毛也,故其脉之来,轻虚以浮,故曰毛。 冬脉石者,肾北方水也,万物之所藏也,盛冬之时,水凝如石,故其脉之来,沉濡而滑,故曰石。 此四时之脉也。

如有变奈何?

然: 春脉弦,反者为病。 何谓反? 然:其气来实强,是谓太过,病在外; 气来虚微,是谓不及,病在内。 气来厌厌聂聂,如循榆叶曰平,益实而滑,如循长竿曰病,急而劲益强,如新张弓弦曰死。春脉微弦曰平,弦多胃气少曰病,但弦无胃气曰死,春以胃气为本。

夏脉钩,反者为病。 何谓反? 然: 其气来实强,是谓太过,病在外; 气来虚微,是谓不及,病在内。 其脉来累累如环,如循琅玕,曰平,来而益数,如鸡举足者曰病。 前曲后居,如操带钩曰死。夏脉微钩曰平,钩多胃气少曰病,但钩无胃气曰死。夏以胃气为本。

秋脉毛,反者为病。 何谓反? 然: 其气来实强,是谓太过,病在外; 气来虚微,是谓不及,病在内。 其脉来蔼蔼如车盖,按之益大曰平。 不上不下,如循鸡羽曰病,按之萧索,如风吹毛曰死。 秋脉微毛曰平。 毛多胃气少曰病,但毛无胃气曰死,秋以胃气为本。

冬脉石,反者为病。 何谓反? 然: 其气来实强,是谓太过,病在外;气来虚微,是谓不及,病在内,脉来上大下兑,濡滑如雀之喙曰平,啄啄连属,其中微曲曰病。 来如解索,去如弹死曰死。 冬脉微石曰平,石多胃气少曰病,但石无胃气曰死,冬以胃气为本。

胃者,水谷之海,主禀四时,皆以胃气为本,是谓四时之变病,死生之要会也。 脾者,中州也,其平和不可得见,衰乃见耳,来如雀之啄,如水之下漏,是脾衰见也。

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第十五難 — 難經