初六飞鸟以凶
伊川易传 · section 174 · 程頤 · 743 characters
Original text
初六阴柔在下小人之象又上应于四四复动体小人躁易而上有应助于所当过必至过甚况不当过而过乎其过如飞鸟之迅疾所以凶也躁疾如是所以过之速且逺救止莫及也
象曰飞鸟以凶不可如何也 其过之疾如飞鸟之迅岂容救止也凶其宜矣不可如何无所用其力也 六二过其祖遇其妣不及其君遇其臣无咎 阳之在上者父之象尊于父者祖之象四在三上故为祖二与五居相应之地同有柔中之徳志不从于三四故过四而遇五是过其祖也五阴而尊祖妣之象与二同徳相应在他卦则阴阳相求过之时必过其常故异也无所不过故二从五亦戒其过不及其君遇其臣谓上进而不陵及于君适当臣道则无咎也遇当也过臣之分则其咎可知
象曰不及其君臣不可过也 过之时事无不过其常故于上进则戒及其君臣不可过臣之分也
九三弗过防之从或戕之凶 小过阴过阳失位之时三独居正然在下无所能为而为阴所忌恶故有当过者在过防于小人若弗过防之则或从而戕害之矣如是则凶也三于阴过之时以阳居刚过于刚也既戒之过防则过刚亦在所戒矣防小人之道正已为先三不失正故无必凶之义能过防则免矣三居下之上居上为下皆如是也
象曰从或戕之凶如何也 阴过之时必害于阳小人道盛必害君子当过为之防防之不至则为其所戕矣故曰凶如何也言其甚也
九四无咎弗过遇之往厉必戒勿用永贞 四当小过之时以刚处柔刚不过也是以无咎既弗过则合其宜矣故云遇之谓得其道也若往则有危必当戒惧也往去柔而以刚进也勿用永贞阳性坚刚故戒以随宜不可固守也方阴过之时阳刚失位则君子当随时顺处不可固守其常也四居髙位而无上下之交虽比五应初方阴过之时彼岂肯从阳也故往则有厉 象曰弗过遇之位不当也往厉必戒终不可长也位不当谓处柔九四当过之时不过刚而反居柔乃得其宜故曰遇之遇其宜也以九居四位不当也居柔乃遇其宜也当阴过之时阳退缩自保足矣终岂能长而盛也故往则有危必当戒也长上声作平声则大失易意以夬与剥观之可见与夬之象文同而音异也
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