第四十八难
难经 · section 19 · 佚名 舊題扁鵲 · 577 characters
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Original text
人有三虚三实,何谓也?
然。有脉之虚实,有病之虚实,有诊之虚实也。脉之虚实者,濡者为虚,紧牢者为实。病之虚实者,出者为虚,入者为实,言者为虚,不言者为实;缓者为虚,急者为实。诊之虚实者,儒者为虚,牢者为实;痒者为虚,痛者为实;外痛内快,为外实内虚,内痛外快,为内实外虚,故曰虚实也。
第四十九难 有正经自病,有五邪所伤,何以别之?
然。经言忧愁思虑则伤心,形寒饮冷则伤肺。恚怒气逆,上而不下则伤肝。饮食劳倦则伤脾。久坐湿地,强力入水则伤肾。是正经之自病也。 何谓五邪?
然。有中风,有伤暑,有饮食劳倦,有伤寒,有中湿,此之谓五邪。 假令心病,何以知中风得之?
然。其色当赤。何以言之?肝主色,自入为青,入心为赤,入脾为黄,入肺为白,入肾为黑。肝为心邪,故知当赤色。其病身热,胁下满痛,其脉浮大而玄 何以知伤暑得之?
然。当恶臭。何以言之?心主臭,自入为焦臭,入脾为香臭,入肝为臊臭,入肾为腐臭,入肺为腥臭,故知心病伤暑得之。当恶臭,其病身热而烦,心痛,其脉浮大而散, 何以知饮食劳倦得之?
然。当喜苦味也。虚为不欲食,实为欲食,何以言之?脾主味,入肝为酸,入心为苦,入肺为辛,入肾为咸,自入为甘。故知脾邪入心,为喜苦味也。其病身热而体重嗜卧,四肢不收,其脉浮大而缓。 何以知伤寒得之?
然。当谵言妄语。何以言之?肺主声,入肝为呼,入心为言,入脾为歌,入肾为呻,自入为哭,故知肺邪入心,为谵妄语也。其病身热,洒洒恶寒,甚则喘咳,其脉浮大而涩, 何以知中湿得之?
然。当喜汗出不可止。何以言之?肾主液,入肝为泣,入心为汗,人脾为涎[17],入肺为涕,自入为唾。故知肾邪入心,为汗出不可止也。其病身热,而小腹痛,足胫寒而逆,其脉沉儒而大。此五邪之法也。
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